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- <text id=90TT1063>
- <title>
- Apr. 23, 1990: Fear In The First Churches
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 23, 1990 Dan Quayle:No Joke
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- RELIGION, Page 66
- Fear in the First Churches
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Christianity may be headed for extinction in the lands of its
- birth
- </p>
- <p> An Arab Christian woman living outside Bethlehem did not
- dare make Easter eggs this year. Reason: "Our Muslim brothers
- consider any signs of celebration a violation of the intifadeh."
- In West Beirut some churches canceled Palm Sunday processions
- through Muslim streets or shifted Easter midnight Mass to 3:30
- p.m. so that worshipers could be home by nightfall. "How can we
- celebrate Easter?" asks a refugee from inter-Christian fighting.
- "We have never been this low."
- </p>
- <p> Such Holy Week tribulations underscored the long-range fears
- of many Middle Eastern Christians that their religion may be
- headed for eventual extinction in the very lands that were
- Christianity's cradle. Originating on the eastern rim of the
- Mediterranean nearly 2,000 years ago, the newborn faith spread
- rapidly to Syria, and thence the apostle Paul took it to his
- native land, present-day Turkey. Others went southward to Egypt,
- making Alexandria the first center of Christian culture long
- before Rome and Constantinople. The rise of Islam beginning in
- the 7th century ultimately made that faith predominant.
- </p>
- <p> Some 10 million Christians remain in the Mideast. But for
- how long? According to Gabriel Habib, general secretary of the
- Cyprus-based Middle East Council of Churches, "Fear, human
- suffering and hopelessness" have caused so many Christians to
- emigrate that there is deep concern about the "continuity of the
- Christian presence and witness in this region." At an assembly
- of the church council in January, Orthodox, Roman Catholic,
- Protestant and Anglican leaders vowed, "We shall stay in these
- lands, according to the will of God. This is where we belong and
- where we are rooted."
- </p>
- <p> Muslim cultural pressure is by no means the only cause of
- Christian decline, reasons for which vary country by country.
- Lebanon is convulsed by feudal warfare, pitting Christians
- against not only Muslims but, increasingly, rival Christians.
- Saudi Arabia has long forbidden any open Christian activity. By
- contrast, Islam is not the state religion in autocratic Syria
- and its 10% Christian minority will apparently be secure as long
- as Hafez Assad holds power.
- </p>
- <p> Christianity's future is anything but secure in Israel and
- the occupied areas, despite the faith's strong roots there and
- the government's official commitment to religious freedom.
- Author Amos Elon has written that Jerusalem may soon become a
- mere "museum" for visitors, bereft of Christianity as a "living
- religion." A clergyman in the city's withering Catholic
- community agrees: "I am afraid that the day will come when we
- will have the Christian holy places without local Christians."
- Church experts estimate that Jerusalem has 9,000 resident
- Christians, one-third of the total at Israel's founding. The
- toehold was further weakened last week when 150 Jews moved into
- homes in the traditionally Christian quarter of the Old City,
- touching off a raucous street protest.
- </p>
- <p> After years of relative harmony, friction between Christians
- and their fellow Arabs has intensified sharply with the recent
- rise of Islamic fundamentalism. "Life here is becoming
- unbearable," says a Bethlehem woman who plans to emigrate. "We
- Christians and Muslims have been living together peacefully for
- a long time, but these fundamentalists are completely different.
- We never felt the fear of Muslim domination before." Breaking
- into tears, her daughter adds, "Bethlehem is becoming a city of
- ghosts." "Of course I am afraid," admits a nearby merchant whose
- shop was hit by arsonists when he refused to observe a Muslim
- strike. He plans to move to South America. Speaking for many
- young Christians, a 22-year-old waiting in the long line for
- visas at the Canadian embassy in Tel Aviv says simply, "I have
- no future here." A top leader of the West Bank's outlawed
- Islamic Resistance Movement contends that future Muslim rulers
- would protect Christians--if foreign religious agencies pull
- out. But many Middle Eastern churches, suspect due to their
- Western ties, would be hard put to survive without foreign
- clergy and cash.
- </p>
- <p> Nowhere is the decline as striking as in Turkey, where the
- Ecumenical Patriarchs, "first among equals" in the world's
- Eastern Orthodox hierarchy, have held sway since A.D. 451.
- Today, when Patriarch Dimitrios celebrates the Eucharist on a
- typical Sunday in Istanbul, the service is conducted with
- virtually no congregation. In the 1920s, Istanbul was 80%
- Christian; now there are barely 3,000 Greek Orthodox
- communicants in the city of 6 million. Says one ranking
- churchman: "The young leave as soon as they can, since there is
- no future for them here."
- </p>
- <p> Political repression compounds Christianity's other problems
- in Turkey. The secular regime not only forbids construction of
- new churches but also tightly restricts residence permits for
- foreign clergy. The country's only Orthodox seminary was closed
- in 1971, which means that the Patriarchate seems doomed to
- extinction, perhaps by the turn of the century, for want of new
- priests. Turkey's Armenian remnant is also denied a seminary.
- A mere 28 Armenian priests remain; only two of them are celibate
- and thus eligible to become future bishops. "All we can hope
- for," says a prominent Christian, "is that when and if Turkey
- joins the European Community, freedom of religion is made one
- of the requirements."
- </p>
- <p> Egypt's 5.4 million Copts are the region's largest surviving
- Christian community. Though Egypt's churches fare better than
- those in most Muslim countries, there have been jailings of
- Christians who evangelize or violate the strict taboo against
- conversion from Islam. Christians are alarmed over last month's
- rash of Muslim assaults on their churches, homes and shops in
- Upper Egypt. "Antagonism toward Christians is becoming more
- entrenched," laments a Protestant minister in Cairo. Coptic
- immigrants to the U.S. complain that Egypt's Christians are
- barred from good jobs in academia, government, the media and
- many other fields.
- </p>
- <p> If Egypt has the largest Christian population, Lebanon long
- had the most powerful one; until the civil war, which began in
- 1975, it was the only Arab nation dominated by Christians. But
- after years of political upheaval, all churches together can
- probably claim only 43% of the population. In West Beirut, 85%
- of the Catholic parishioners have fled the violence. Since the
- latest intra-Christian war broke out last January, one-third of
- the inhabitants have fled the formerly safe Christian enclave
- in East Beirut. At stake, says Maronite Catholic Archbishop
- Youssef Khoury, is nothing less than "the survival of our
- people."
- </p>
- <p> The specter of Muslim domination underlies the Maronite
- Catholics' fanatical battle to cling to power. "We are afraid
- that the Christian community will disappear. That is why we are
- fighting," explains a taxi driver in East Beirut. In West Beirut
- a Greek Orthodox clerk who has long lived happily among Muslims
- nonetheless fumes that if Christians lose the presidency, "you
- won't see me in Lebanon for one more day. I've seen other
- countries where they are ruled by Muslims."
- </p>
- <p> For all their intensity, such deep-seated fears among many
- Middle Eastern Christians seem to be based as much on feelings
- and perceptions as on facts. "Overt discrimination is rare" in
- most Muslim countries, contends Douglas duCharme, spokesman for
- the Middle East Council of Churches. He admits, however, that
- "there are limits on the role of non-Muslims in a society where
- 90% of the people are Muslim." A moderate Lebanese scholar
- agrees that the problem is not so much persecution as "a broader
- feeling that a handful of Christians are not really wanted in
- the Islamic world." Looking at the long term, church strategists
- realize that inexorable tides of history, belief and numbers are
- running against them.
- </p>
- <p>By Richard N. Ostling. Reported by Jamil Hamad/Jerusalem and
- Lara Marlowe/Beirut, with other bureaus.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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